{"id":8743,"date":"2021-07-16T16:11:09","date_gmt":"2021-07-16T16:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/evidential-value-of-private-expert-opinions\/"},"modified":"2025-09-13T11:29:52","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T11:29:52","slug":"evidential-value-of-private-expert-opinions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/evidential-value-of-private-expert-opinions\/","title":{"rendered":"Evidential value of private expert opinions"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8743\" class=\"elementor elementor-8743 elementor-3837\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-48fd4093 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"48fd4093\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f2cbfbc\" data-id=\"7f2cbfbc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a3987bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3a3987bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">LEGAL+ NEWS<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-625cb123 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"625cb123\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e432915\" data-id=\"e432915\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d0a3684 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d0a3684\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">The probative value of private expert opinions\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccdd2be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ccdd2be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The evidential value of private expert opinions is very close to that of court expert opinions. In practice, this is often not the case: <\/p><p>Many courts tend to regard private expert opinions, i.e. expert opinions commissioned outside the proceedings, as a nuisance. These expert opinions, which are usually &#8220;labeled&#8221; as biased, are therefore in most cases considered to be of lesser value than court-commissioned expert opinions and are downgraded in the judgment with clich\u00e9d justifications. However, this approach, which is widespread in practice, is not covered by supreme court case law! In fact, expert opinions provided by the parties are important for the constitutionally guaranteed legal protection of the parties. This is the only way to fully uncover &#8211; not infrequent &#8211; errors in court reports.    <\/p><p>The following article deals with the legal treatment of expert opinions not commissioned by a court in the context of or in preparation for civil proceedings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-198779aa elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"198779aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c264e6e elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"7c264e6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-324b1c28\" data-id=\"324b1c28\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e40a2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8e40a2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5afa9b52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5afa9b52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"686\" src=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/signing-contract-1030x686.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8424\" alt=\"Signing contract\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/signing-contract-1030x686.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/signing-contract-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/signing-contract-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/signing-contract-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/signing-contract-1500x1000.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/signing-contract-705x470.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/signing-contract.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-183783dc\" data-id=\"183783dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a19917b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a19917b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong><u>Principle of the free evaluation of evidence<\/u><\/strong><\/h2><p>In order to be able to correctly classify the evidentiary value of private expert opinions, it is first important to understand how the court forms its conviction with regard to the legal case before it in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure.<\/p><p>Pursuant to <a href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/ZPO\/286.html\">Section 286 (1) ZPO<\/a>, the principle of free evaluation of evidence applies:<\/p><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;The court must decide whether a factual allegation is to be regarded as true or not true, taking into account the entire content of the hearings and the result of any evidence taken. The judgment shall state the grounds on which the court&#8217;s conviction was based.&#8221;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p>Accordingly, the court forms its opinion &#8220;freely&#8221; on the basis of the collected content of the proceedings. &#8220;In particular, &#8220;freely&#8221; means that the court is free to assess the individual results of the evidence and, not least, all other perceptions gathered during the proceedings. This means, for example, that the court is not bound by any weighting of the individual pieces of evidence and other findings.    <strong>For example, the court may attach more importance to a private expert opinion submitted to it than to the court expert opinion obtained on the same subject of evidence.  <\/strong>It therefore follows from the principle of the free evaluation of evidence that the evidential value of private expert opinions can be higher in individual cases than that of a court-commissioned expert opinion.<strong><br><\/strong><\/p><p>However, &#8220;freedom&#8221; in the assessment does not mean that the court may disregard evidence. If this were the case, there would be a significant violation of the constitutionally guaranteed right to be heard. Further restrictions on the principle of the free assessment of evidence apply if this is expressly provided for by law, e.g. in<a href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/ZPO\/286.html\"> Section 286 (2)<\/a> ZPO:  <\/p><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;The court shall only be bound by statutory rules of evidence in the cases specified by this Act.&#8221;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p>One example of this is the legally standardized probative value of certain documents.<\/p><h2><strong><u>Overview: Types of evidence<\/u><\/strong><\/h2><p>The private expert opinion must be placed in context with the forms of evidence standardized in the Code of Civil Procedure. The Code of Civil Procedure recognizes the following forms of evidence: Inspection <\/p><ul><li><ul><li>Visual inspection<\/li><li>Proof by documents<\/li><li>Witness evidence<\/li><li>Expert evidence<\/li><li>Party hearing<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h4> <\/h4><h3><u>Visual inspection<\/u><\/h3><p>&#8220;Visual inspection&#8221; means that the court forms an impression with its own eyes. The classic example is the so-called on-site visit. However, visual evidence can also be provided by taking photographs.  <\/p><h3><u>Proof by documents<\/u><\/h3><p>Documents are the most reliable form of evidence. A statement of fact supported by documents means that the fact evidenced by the document is not in dispute in the first place, so that there is no need to take evidence in the true sense of the word. A distinction is made between private and public deeds. Private deeds &#8220;only&#8221; provide evidence of the declaration documented in the deed. Public deeds prove the entire documented process. The pitfall of this form of evidence lies in the fact that &#8220;full proof&#8221; presupposes that an indisputably or demonstrably genuine document exists, although in practice it is rare for the authenticity of a document to be called into question.     <\/p><h3><u>Witness evidence<\/u><\/h3><p>Evidence through the testimony of witnesses is aimed at testifying to facts. The subject matter is concrete, direct perceptions of the witness. <\/p><h3><u>Expert evidence<\/u><\/h3><p>Evidence by experts means that knowledge that the court lacks is compensated for by the specialist knowledge of others. The expert is therefore an assistant to the court, which is why the classification as evidence in civil proceedings is misleading. Theoretically, the expert&#8217;s technical support can be obtained purely verbally, but in practice a written expert opinion is usually commissioned, which is then discussed verbally if necessary or at the request of a party.  <\/p><p>The judge, not the expert, decides whether the disputed assertion is to be regarded as proven. The expert only has to provide the technical basis for the court&#8217;s assessment of the evidence. <\/p><h3><u>Party hearing<\/u><\/h3><p>Hearing the parties themselves is the weakest form of evidence. Although it is the most direct, it is also the least objective means of clarifying a disputed issue. Accordingly, this means of evidence is only admissible in rare cases (e.g. lack of evidence).  <\/p><h3><strong><u>The legal situation regarding private expert opinions<\/u><\/strong><\/h3><p>Private expert opinions cannot be satisfactorily subsumed under the evidence listed above. The evidentiary value of private expert opinions is therefore not easy to determine. <\/p><p>There is no doubt that a written private expert opinion is a document, which can therefore be introduced as documentary evidence in a legal dispute. However, nothing is gained from this, as the evidentiary value as a document is limited to the fact that the expert has provided the expert opinion. It cannot be &#8220;formal&#8221; expert evidence because the evidence is not taken by the court within the framework of the relevant procedural regulations<a title=\"\u00a7 SECTION 402 ZPO: Applicability of the provisions for witnesses\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/ZPO\/402.html\">(Sections 402 ZPO<\/a> ff.). What remains is the questioning of the private expert by way of formal witness evidence. But even this does not lead any further, because the expert as a witness can only &#8220;offer evidence&#8221; of his own perceptions (see <a title=\"\u00a7 SECTION 396 ZPO: Hearing on the merits\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/ZPO\/396.html\">Section 396 ZPO<\/a>), e.g. of his impressions gained during a site inspection.  <\/p><p>Case law &#8220;solves&#8221; the dilemma as follows:<\/p><p>According to the view that has always prevailed in case law, expert opinions submitted by a party are &#8220;only&#8221; <strong>substantiated (qualified) party submissions<\/strong> supported by documentary evidence.<\/p><p>As part of the free assessment of evidence under 286 ZPO described above, the court must include the private expert opinion in its assessment. The Federal Court of Justice made a revealing statement in its judgment of May 11, 1993<a title=\"BGH, 11.05.1993 - VI ZR 243\/92: Utilization of factual findings regarding the person of the...\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=VI%20ZR%20243\/92\">(VI ZR 243\/92<\/a>): <\/p><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;(&#8230;) The trial judge may certainly utilize a private expert opinion, but may not disregard the fact that it is generally not evidence within the meaning of <a title=\"\u00a7 SECTION 355 ZPO: Directness of the taking of evidence\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/ZPO\/355.html\">\u00a7\u00a7 355 et seq. ZPO<\/a>, but rather <strong>(qualified) substantiated party submissions<\/strong> (&#8230;) the court&#8217;s own taking of evidence, in particular the obtaining of a court expert opinion, <strong>is only rendered unnecessary by a private expert opinion if the trial judge can arrive at a reliable answer to the question of evidence without legal error on the basis of this substantiated party submission alone<\/strong> (&#8230;). A private expert opinion can only be used as an expert opinion in the sense of evidence with the consent of both parties (see BGH, judgment of May 5, 1986 &#8211; <a title=\"BGH, 05.05.1986 - III ZR 233\/84: Psychiatric examination of an arbitrator\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=III%20ZR%20233\/84\">III ZR 233\/84<\/a> &#8211; <a title=\"BGH, 05.05.1986 - III ZR 233\/84: Psychiatric examination of an arbitrator\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=NJW%201986,%203077\">NJW 1986, 3077<\/a>, 3079) [BGH 05.05.1986 &#8211; <a title=\"BGH, 05.05.1986 - III ZR 233\/84: Psychiatric examination of an arbitrator\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=III%20ZR%20233\/84\">III ZR 233\/84<\/a>].   (&#8230;)&#8221;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p>At first glance, the case law cited above may appear to cast doubt on the evidential value of private expert opinions. On closer inspection, however, the private expert opinion is (almost) equivalent to a court expert opinion. The private expert opinion can even make it unnecessary to obtain a court expert opinion if the court is able to arrive at a reliable answer to the question of evidence on the basis of its own expertise using the private expert opinion.  <\/p><p>A ruling by the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main from April 3, 2017 (case no. <a title=\"OLG Frankfurt, 03.04.2017 - 29 U 169\/16: Hearing of a private expert as an expert witness...\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=29%20U%20169\/16\">29 U 169\/16<\/a>) is also worth noting here. According to this ruling, a private expert opinion can be used as formal expert evidence under certain circumstances, e.g. if the court expressly summons the private expert as an expert witness and the opposing party fails to object to its use as expert evidence. The OLG stated:  <\/p><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;(&#8230;) Insofar as the defendant complains that the Regional Court assessed the statements of expert witness Z1 as expert evidence, this is not objectionable in the present case. During the hearing of expert witness Z1, the Regional Court stated that it was not only hearing expert witness Z1 as a witness in accordance with the summons of 7 July 2015, but also as an expert witness. The fact that the expert Z1 had previously acted as the plaintiff&#8217;s private expert did indeed constitute a reason for refusal within the meaning of 406 ZPO (&#8230;) however, the defendant did not assert a refusal despite being aware of the relevant circumstances. However, if a party fails to assert a reason for refusal, this can in principle no longer be asserted later as a procedural error within the meaning of <a title=\"\u00a7 404 ZPO: Selection of experts\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/ZPO\/404.html\">\u00a7 404 ZPO<\/a>, but merely represents a circumstance to be taken into account in the assessment of evidence (&#8230;).&#8221;   <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p>But the same applies elsewhere:<\/p><p>If the court lacks its own expertise and is confronted with specialist knowledge by means of a private expert opinion as a qualified party submission, it may not disregard this under any circumstances, but must review the results of the private expert opinion by means of formal expert evidence.<\/p><h2><strong><u>Private expert opinion versus court expert opinion<\/u><\/strong><\/h2><p>The above means the following for the evidentiary value of private expert opinions that are set against a formal court opinion:<\/p><p>Objections by the parties to the findings of a court expert must be taken into account by the court. Such objections can regularly arise from deviating private expert opinions, which are to be assessed by the court as so-called qualified party submissions as described above. <\/p><p>The court expert and the court <strong>must<\/strong> then deal with the content of the private expert opinion.<\/p><p>The court may not simply &#8211; as is often the case &#8211; accept the findings of the court expert with clich\u00e9d reference to, for example, &#8220;greater persuasiveness&#8221;. If the divergences between the private expert opinion and the court expert opinion cannot be resolved in a comprehensible manner, further clarification of the facts is required. <\/p><p>The above-mentioned obligation to deal with private expert opinions that deviate from the court opinion is based on the case law of the Federal Constitutional Court as the highest German court. In a ruling dated May 15, 2012<a title=\"BVerfG, 15.05.2012 - 1 BvR 1999\/09: Violation of the right to be heard (Art 103 para....\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=1%20BvR%201999\/09\">(1 BvR 1999\/09<\/a>), the Federal Constitutional Court stated &#8211; not for the first time <\/p><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;(&#8230;)<a title=\"Art. 103 GG\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/GG\/103.html\">Art. 103 para. 1 GG <\/a>  obliges the courts to take note of the submissions of the parties to the proceedings and take them into consideration when making their decision. It does not follow from this that they are obliged to expressly assess every submission of the parties in the grounds for the decision (see <a title=\"BVerfG, 25.05.1993 - 1 BvR 345\/83: Animal Breeding Act II\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=BVerfGE%2088,%20366\">BVerfGE 88, 366<\/a> &lt;375 f.&gt; with further references). However, the essential factual assertions that serve the prosecution or defense <strong>must<\/strong> be dealt with in the reasons (see <a title=\"BVerfG, 01.02.1978 - 1 BvR 426\/77: Violation of the right to a fair hearing by failure to respond...\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=BVerfGE%2047,%20182\">BVerfGE 47, 182<\/a> &lt;189&gt;). If a court does not address the essential core of a party&#8217;s factual submission on an issue that is of central importance to the proceedings in the reasons for the decision, this indicates that the submission has not been taken into account, unless it was irrelevant or obviously unsubstantiated according to the court&#8217;s legal position (see <a title=\"BVerfG, 19.05.1992 - 1 BvR 986\/91: Violation of the right to a fair hearing due to overr...\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=BVerfGE%2086,%20133\">BVerfGE 86, 133<\/a> &lt;146&gt;).&#8221;   <\/em><\/p><p><em>&#8220;(&#8230;) In view of the complainant&#8217;s objections based on several private expert opinions, the Court of Appeal should at least have given a logically comprehensible reason for its adherence to the court expert opinion (see BGH, decision of May 18, 2009 &#8211; <a title=\"BGH, 18.05.2009 - IV ZR 57\/08: Scope of the right to be heard in civil proceedings\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=IV%20ZR%2057\/08\">IV ZR 57\/08<\/a> -, juris, para.  7). There is no such justification. The Regional Court merely refers to the expert opinion and adopts its conclusions without investigating the objections arising from the private expert opinions. The <strong>uncritical adoption of the expert opinion of the court-appointed expert and the lack of mention of the private expert opinions in the challenged decision suggest that the Regional Court did not take note of the opposing viewpoint of the complainant, or at least did not consider it<\/strong> (see BVerfG, decision of the First Chamber of the First Senate of October 7, 1996 &#8211; <a title=\"BVerfG, 07.10.1996 - 1 BvR 520\/95: Violation of the right to be heard in a civil proceedings...\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=1%20BvR%20520\/95\">1 BvR 520\/95<\/a> -, juris, para. 19). The violation continues in the order rejecting the objection to the hearing (&#8230;)&#8221;   <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p>In its ruling of January 21, 1997 (case no. <a title=\"BGH, 21.01.1997 - VI ZR 86\/96: Proof of own expertise by the court; determination of an...\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=VI%20ZR%2086\/96\">VI ZR 86\/96<\/a>), the Federal Court of Justice described the court&#8217;s obligation to evaluate the statements deviating from the expert opinion in its ruling as follows:<\/p><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;(&#8230;) Expert opinions are subject to the free evaluation of evidence<a title=\"\u00a7 SECTION 287 ZPO: Determination of damages; amount of the claim\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/ZPO\/287.html\">(Sections 287<\/a> I, <a title=\"\u00a7 286 ZPO: Free evaluation of evidence\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/gesetze\/ZPO\/286.html\">286<\/a> I ZPO). Accordingly, the court may in principle deviate from an expert&#8217;s opinion if it is not convinced by the expert&#8217;s statements. However, if a court does not wish to follow the expert findings or conclusions of an expert, it must demonstrate the relevant expertise (see Senate, <a title=\"BGH, 15.03.1988 - VI ZR 81\/87: Duty of the court to take evidence on disputed outcomes of the...\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=NJW%201988,%203016\">NJW 1988, 3016<\/a> = <a title=\"BGH, 15.03.1988 - VI ZR 81\/87: Duty of the court to take evidence on disputed outcomes of the...\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=VersR%201988,%20837\">VersR 1988, 837<\/a> (under II 2a)).   <\/em><em> <\/em><\/p><p><strong><em>A permissible deviation of the court from an expert&#8217;s report always requires the presentation of the relevant considerations in the sense of a plausible and comprehensible justification in the judgment<\/em><\/strong><em>  (cf. for the case of contradictory expert opinions Senate, <a title=\"NJW-RR 1987, 1311 (5 assigned decisions)\" href=\"https:\/\/dejure.org\/dienste\/vernetzung\/rechtsprechung?Text=NJW-RR%201987,%201311\">NJW-RR 1987, 1311<\/a> = BGHR-ZPO \u00a7 412 Obergutachten 1 (under II 2b)), which may not be based on the fact that the court makes use of its own expertise which it is not entitled to.  (&#8230;)&#8221;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p>It follows from this:<\/p><p>The court is not obliged to deal with the opinion of the private expert on every single point. However, in addition to the court expert opinion, it must also take into account the corresponding (contradictory) statements in the private expert opinion on all key points and explain this in a comprehensible, i.e. verifiable, manner in its reasons for judgment. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aed9b10 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"aed9b10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-329afd7\" data-id=\"329afd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-417ef5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"417ef5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">Conclusion on the probative value of private expert opinions\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0df678 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0df678\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The admittedly somewhat confusing legal situation with regard to the evidentiary value of private expert opinions is that private expert opinions are &#8211; almost &#8211; equivalent to court expert opinions.<\/p><p>As described above, experts serve to provide the court with missing expertise. In the absence of its own expertise, the court may not simply give preference to the expertise of a court expert over the differing expertise of a private expert. <\/p><p>The party adversely affected by the content of a court expert opinion therefore has the option of at least &#8220;neutralizing&#8221; the court expert opinion by means of private expert objections. It is necessary and sufficient for the private expert to justify his or her findings that deviate from the court expert opinion in a comprehensible and professional manner with reference to the court expert opinion. The aim must be to cast doubt on the court expert&#8217;s findings. If this is successful, the court<strong> must<\/strong> investigate these doubts.   <\/p><p>Incidentally, it also follows from the above legal situation that the costs of private expert opinions may be reimbursable. It is true that case law still regards this as an exception. However, if it is easy to justify that it was necessary to obtain a private expert opinion in order to provide your own expert opinion with the necessary quality, there is a good chance that you will be able to claim these costs later as necessary legal costs.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d107aa4 elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"d107aa4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53feb92a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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ARTICLES<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a409aa2 ignore-toc elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a409aa2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c5a0fbc\" data-id=\"7c5a0fbc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ca245c elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"35ca245c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;pagination_type&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;cards_masonry&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:32,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-8571 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-nicht-kategorisiert\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/up-to-e10000-before-the-local-court-why-it-goes-wrong\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"685\" src=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-or-enforcement-office--1030x685.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8573\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-or-enforcement-office--1030x685.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-or-enforcement-office--300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-or-enforcement-office--768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-or-enforcement-office--1536x1022.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-or-enforcement-office--1500x998.png 1500w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-or-enforcement-office--705x469.png 705w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-or-enforcement-office-.png 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Nicht kategorisiert<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/up-to-e10000-before-the-local-court-why-it-goes-wrong\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tUp to \u20ac10,000 before the local court: why it goes wrong\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Up to \u20ac10,000 in the local court &#8211; a mistake with an announcement. The planned reform of the amount in dispute will shift masses of proceedings from the regional courts to the local courts. Sounds like a relief &#8211; but will have the opposite effect.  <\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/up-to-e10000-before-the-local-court-why-it-goes-wrong\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Up to \u20ac10,000 before the local court: why it goes wrong\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead more \"\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tSeptember 10, 2025\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-8559 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-contract-law\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/contract-law-stuttgart-21-and-the-speech-clause-a-lesson-in-clear-contract-drafting\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/social_sprechklausel_legalplus_teaser-1-1030x687.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8566\" alt=\"Vertragsrecht Stuttgart 21 \u2013 Sprechklausel Urteil\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/social_sprechklausel_legalplus_teaser-1-1030x687.png 1030w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/social_sprechklausel_legalplus_teaser-1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/social_sprechklausel_legalplus_teaser-1-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/social_sprechklausel_legalplus_teaser-1-705x470.png 705w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/social_sprechklausel_legalplus_teaser-1.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Contract Law<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/contract-law-stuttgart-21-and-the-speech-clause-a-lesson-in-clear-contract-drafting\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tContract law: Stuttgart 21 and the speech clause &#8211; a lesson in clear contract drafting\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Sometimes a single sentence decides billions. This is exactly what happened with the Stuttgart 21 project. At the center of the legal dispute was a short contractual provision &#8211; the so-called &#8220;speech clause&#8221;.    <\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/contract-law-stuttgart-21-and-the-speech-clause-a-lesson-in-clear-contract-drafting\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Contract law: Stuttgart 21 and the speech clause &#8211; a lesson in clear contract drafting\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead more \"\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tAugust 8, 2025\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-8577 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-commercial-law category-contract-law category-international-procedural-law category-nicht-kategorisiert\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/breach-of-an-international-jurisdiction-agreement-can-result-in-liability-for-damages-on-the-ruling-of-the-bgh-from-17-10-2019-ref-iii-zr-42-19\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/judge-s-gavel-symbol-for-jurisdiction-law-concept-a-wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-1030x579.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8578\" alt=\"Judge&#039;s gavel. Symbol for jurisdiction. Law concept a wooden judges gavel on table in a courtroom\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/judge-s-gavel-symbol-for-jurisdiction-law-concept-a-wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/judge-s-gavel-symbol-for-jurisdiction-law-concept-a-wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/judge-s-gavel-symbol-for-jurisdiction-law-concept-a-wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/judge-s-gavel-symbol-for-jurisdiction-law-concept-a-wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/judge-s-gavel-symbol-for-jurisdiction-law-concept-a-wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/judge-s-gavel-symbol-for-jurisdiction-law-concept-a-wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/judge-s-gavel-symbol-for-jurisdiction-law-concept-a-wooden-judges-gavel-on-table-in-a-courtroom.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Commercial law<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/breach-of-an-international-jurisdiction-agreement-can-result-in-liability-for-damages-on-the-ruling-of-the-bgh-from-17-10-2019-ref-iii-zr-42-19\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tBreach of an international jurisdiction agreement can result in liability for damages! &#8211; On the ruling of the BGH from 17.10.2019 (Ref. III ZR 42\/19)\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>International agreements on jurisdiction, especially if they are to have exclusive validity, generally have the purpose of protecting the party benefiting from the agreement from the often very considerable costs of a legal dispute in a foreign country.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, however, it is not uncommon for the other contracting party to suddenly no longer want to know about the jurisdiction agreement in the event of a dispute. The background to such a dishonest approach is &#8211; obviously &#8211; not least the potential for blackmail associated with such an approach. This is because the party that finds itself &#8211; in breach of the jurisdiction agreement &#8211; exposed to a foreign lawsuit is regularly forced to take action abroad through lawyers in order to avoid legal disadvantages. This in turn is often very expensive, with the USA being the most prominent example.     <\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/breach-of-an-international-jurisdiction-agreement-can-result-in-liability-for-damages-on-the-ruling-of-the-bgh-from-17-10-2019-ref-iii-zr-42-19\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Breach of an international jurisdiction agreement can result in liability for damages! &#8211; On the ruling of the BGH from 17.10.2019 (Ref. III ZR 42\/19)\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead more \"\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tSeptember 4, 2024\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-load-more-anchor\" data-page=\"1\" data-max-page=\"26\" data-next-page=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/2\/\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-pagination\" aria-label=\"Pagination\">\n\t\t\t<span aria-current=\"page\" class=\"page-numbers current\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>1<\/span>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/2\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>2<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/3\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>3<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/4\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>4<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/5\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>5<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/6\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>6<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/7\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>7<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/8\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>8<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/9\/\"><span 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href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/15\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>15<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/16\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>16<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/17\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>17<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/18\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>18<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/19\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>19<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/20\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>20<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/21\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>21<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/22\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>22<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/23\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>23<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/24\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>24<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/25\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>25<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/page\/26\/\"><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Page<\/span>26<\/a>\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c6a928c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c6a928c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c3fad89\" data-id=\"7c3fad89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae7af02 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3ae7af02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a3c760f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a3c760f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31ad8e0f\" data-id=\"31ad8e0f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6de5bcb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"6de5bcb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Kontakt\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34232b28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34232b28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">CONTACT<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-29b27b85 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"29b27b85\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-32ca48ea\" data-id=\"32ca48ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f3e5a01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4f3e5a01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"1030\" src=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2-1030x1030.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8410\" alt=\"LEGAL+\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2-705x705.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2-450x450.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ihr-Kontakt-zum-Hamburger-Anwalt-f\u00fcr-Vertragsrecht-2.jpg 1151w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-497822d1\" data-id=\"497822d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e1cff7d elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6e1cff7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-home\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t+49 (40)  57199 74 80\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-28b1cfaa\" data-id=\"28b1cfaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27ade80d elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"27ade80d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-mobile-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t+49 (170) 1203  74 0\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3acd9a08\" data-id=\"3acd9a08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c4098d elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"3c4098d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-phone\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNeuer Wall 61 D-20354 Hamburg\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-28592d42\" data-id=\"28592d42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a45e09b elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"4a45e09b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tkontakt@legal-plus.eu\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-633d4212 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"633d4212\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f1ffb5\" data-id=\"7f1ffb5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e8c92b4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7e8c92b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ef6a81d elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ef6a81d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c6115ad\" data-id=\"5c6115ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f424aab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f424aab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Benefit from my active network!<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f3d5600 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f3d5600\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I look forward to our networking.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39eb99eb elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"39eb99eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e007381\" data-id=\"e007381\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67524909 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"67524909\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xing.com\/profile\/Daniel_MeierGreve\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-xing\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c7b20e7\" data-id=\"5c7b20e7\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a673392\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-556c9b50\" data-id=\"556c9b50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-573b45f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"573b45f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copyright  2026  \u00a9 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src=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon-80x80.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-8406\" alt=\"LEGAL+\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon-450x450.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon-270x270.jpg 270w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon-192x192.jpg 192w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon-32x32.jpg 32w, https:\/\/www.legal-plus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cropped-LegalPlus-icon.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The evidentiary value of private expert opinions is very close to that of court expert opinions. In practice, this is often not the case: many courts tend to regard private expert opinions, i.e. expert opinions commissioned outside the proceedings, as a nuisance. These expert opinions, which are usually &#8220;labeled&#8221; as biased, are therefore in most cases considered to be of lesser value than court-commissioned expert opinions and are downgraded in the judgment with clich\u00e9d justifications. However, this approach, which is widespread in practice, is not covered by supreme court case law! In fact, expert opinions provided by the parties are important for the constitutionally guaranteed legal protection of the parties. This is the only way to fully uncover &#8211; not infrequent &#8211; errors in court reports.     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[127,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-law","category-nicht-kategorisiert"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Evidential value of private expert opinions - Prozesskanzlei | LEGAL+<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The evidential value of private expert opinions is very close to that of court expert opinions. 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