Reference to USB stick in the application

Problem description: Digitization in civil proceedings

Digitalization is advancing – also in civil proceedings. According to the law (see Section 130a (1) ZPO), attachments to statements of claim or other pleadings may be submitted to the court as “electronic documents” subject to certain requirements. § Section 130a (1) ZPO reads:

“Preparatory pleadings and their annexes, applications and declarations to be submitted in writing by the parties as well as information, statements, expert opinions, translations and declarations by third parties to be submitted in writing may be submitted to the court as electronic documents in accordance with the following paragraphs.”

The problem is that the permission cited above is limited to the digital submission of objects that also exist or can be produced in written form. In reality, however, we are increasingly dealing with purely digital objects or facts. For this increasingly common constellation, the BGH has now provided valuable clarification for practical use.

The BGH ruling of 14.07.2022 (Case No. I ZR 97/21) – The digitalization of civil proceedings also includes the reference to a USB stick in the application for action

In its judgment of 14.07.2022 (case no. I ZR 97/21), the Federal Court of Justice clarified that reference to a USB stick is also permitted in a claim that is to be enforced in the event of success. The BGH stated:

“The specificity of the application must also be examined ex officio in appeal proceedings by
(BGH, judgment of 16. December 2021 – I ZR 201/20,
GRUR 2022, 229 [juris para. 21] = WRP 2022, 318 – ÖKO-TEST III, mwN). According to
Section 253 (2) no. 2 ZPO, an application for an injunction – and according to Section 313 (1)
no. 4 ZPO a conviction based on it – must not be worded so vaguely that the subject matter of the dispute and the scope of the court’s power of review and decision (Section 308 (1) ZPO) are not clearly delineated, the defendant is therefore unable to defend itself exhaustively and the decision as to what it is prohibited from doing is ultimately left to the enforcement court (st. case law; see BGH, judgment of September 9, 2021 – I ZR 90/20, BGHZ 231, 38 [juris para. 19] – Influencer I, mwN). Sufficient certainty is usually given if reference is made to the specific infringing act and the claim, at least by referring to the claim, unambiguously indicates the characteristics of the challenged conduct in which the basis and the connecting factor for the infringement of competition and thus the injunction should lie (cf. BGH, judgment of November 8, 2018 – I ZR 108/17, GRUR 2019, 627 [juris para. 15]=WRP2019,731 – Deutschland-Kombi; decision of February 4, 2021 – I ZR79/20,K&R 2021, 333 [juris,para.12]).

Accordingly, the Court of Appeal correctly assumed that
the reference to the USB stick submitted by the plaintiff as Annex K 1 to the files , which indisputably fully documents the telemedia offer complained of as a specific form of infringement, is sufficient to substantiate the plaintiff’s applications for injunctive relief.”

My assessment of the admissibility of the reference to a USB stick in the application

The ruling makes it clear in a welcome way that the digitization of civil proceedings does not stop at the submission of documents in the context of court proceedings.
§ Section 130a (1) ZPO does not help if the actual subject matter of the dispute in the proceedings is a digital product. In this case, it is simply not possible to dispense with a reference to a digital source outside the judgment (here: USB stick) in a judgment.

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International procedural law

Guide to International Civil Procedure: Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in Germany

Once a judgment has been successfully obtained against a German debtor abroad (in a third country), the creditor is faced with the important practical question of how to actually get his money.

If the German debtor does not pay voluntarily, only the enforcement of the judgment will help. However, since in most cases the German debtor only has assets in Germany that could be enforced, the foreign judgment must be enforced in Germany. This requires that the foreign judgment has first been declared enforceable by a German court. This declaration of enforceability is the subject of separate court proceedings against the debtor in Germany, at the end of which, if successful, an enforcement order will be issued.

The following article deals with the content of these proceedings.

Guide to appeal law – Importance of the content of the grounds of appeal for the scope of review by the court of appeal

The view that the content of the grounds of appeal determines the scope of review by the court of appeal is widespread. According to this view, the grounds of appeal must contain all complaints regarding the first instance judgment that the appellant wishes to have reviewed by the court of appeal. If the appellant omits a complaint, this would mean that the court of appeal itself would have to ignore legal violations that it has recognized and deemed to be significant.

Possibilities of contesting a settlement concluded in court

Civil proceedings are often concluded by way of a settlement between the parties during the course of the proceedings. This is often done with the help of the court. Practice shows that such a settlement, despite the involvement of the court, is not without its pitfalls. I would like to provide an overview below.

LEGAL+ NEWS

Problem description: Digitization in civil proceedings

The BGH ruling of 14.07.2022 (Case No. I ZR 97/21) – The digitalization of civil proceedings also includes the reference to a USB stick in the application for action

My assessment of the admissibility of the reference to a USB stick in the application

LATEST ARTICLES

Guide to International Civil Procedure: Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in Germany

Guide to appeal law – Importance of the content of the grounds of appeal for the scope of review by the court of appeal

Possibilities of contesting a settlement concluded in court

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